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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

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Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
10:03

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Published on: November 5, 2019

[Anti-meningococcal vaccines].

Muhamed-Kheir Taha1, Jean-Michel Alonso

  • 1Institut Pasteur, unité des Neisseria, Centre national de référence des mẃningocoques, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. mktaha@pasteur.fr

La Revue Du Praticien
|February 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Current vaccines target four meningococcal serogroups but not serogroup B. Protein-based vaccines, such as recombinant or outer membrane vesicle vaccines, offer a promising approach for developing vaccines against serogroup B meningococcal isolates.

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Induction of Leptomeningeal Cells Modification Via Intracisternal Injection
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Vaccinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Meningococcal disease is a serious bacterial infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis.
  • Current vaccines target serogroups A, C, Y, and W135 using capsular saccharides.
  • There is a significant unmet need for a vaccine against serogroup B meningococcus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the limitations of current anti-meningococcal vaccines.
  • To explore alternative vaccine strategies for serogroup B.
  • To highlight the potential of protein-based vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on meningococcal vaccines.
  • Analysis of vaccine platforms targeting capsular saccharides.
  • Evaluation of protein-based vaccine candidates, including recombinant and outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Current polysaccharide-based vaccines are effective against serogroups A, C, Y, and W135.
  • No licensed vaccine is available targeting the serogroup B capsular saccharide.
  • Protein-based approaches show promise for developing vaccines against serogroup B.

Conclusions:

  • Protein-based vaccines represent a viable strategy to address the gap in serogroup B meningococcal protection.
  • Further development of recombinant and OMV vaccines is crucial for comprehensive meningococcal disease prevention.