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Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Stimulants01:29

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CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...

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Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience
08:14

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Published on: August 26, 2014

[Addiction].

J Besson1, J Grivel, M Rihs-Middel

  • 1Service de psychiatrie communautaire DP-CHUV, Lausanne. Jacques.Besson@chuv.ch

Revue Medicale Suisse
|February 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

2008 addiction research advanced psychiatric neurosciences, clarifying links between schizophrenia and addiction. Guidelines were updated for substitution treatment in HIV patients receiving triple therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatric neurosciences
  • Addiction research
  • Comorbidity studies

Context:

  • Highlights from 2008 in addiction research.
  • Advancements in understanding psychiatric comorbidities, specifically schizophrenia, in addiction.
  • Clinical considerations for managing addiction in HIV patients undergoing triple therapy.

Purpose:

  • To correlate 2008 addiction field advancements with progress in psychiatric neurosciences.
  • To provide clarifications on psychiatric comorbidities (schizophrenia) in addiction.
  • To offer considerations for substitution treatment in HIV patients on triple therapy.

Summary:

  • Key 2008 findings in addiction science are linked to developments in psychiatric neurosciences.
  • The abstract addresses the complex relationship between schizophrenia and addiction.
  • It provides practical guidance on prescribing substitution treatments for HIV-positive individuals on triple therapy.

Impact:

  • Informs clinicians about the neuroscientific basis of addiction.
  • Improves understanding and management of co-occurring schizophrenia and addiction.
  • Enhances treatment strategies for HIV patients with addiction, optimizing outcomes in triple therapy regimens.