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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of fluid...
Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Digital Home-Monitoring of Patients after Kidney Transplantation: The MACCS Platform
07:13

Digital Home-Monitoring of Patients after Kidney Transplantation: The MACCS Platform

Published on: April 12, 2021

[Cognitive failure in terminal kidney disease].

Kristin Saele1, Hogne Sønnesyn, Einar Svarstad

  • 1Medisinsk avdeling, Haukeland universitetssykehus, 5058 Bergen. ksea@helse-bergen.no

Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke
|February 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive impairment affects 20-87% of elderly patients on hemodialysis, a rate significantly higher than in controls. Early cognitive assessment is crucial for managing end-stage renal disease in older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Geriatrics
  • Neurology

Context:

  • Elderly patients represent a growing segment of the dialysis population.
  • Renal failure is more prevalent in older adults.
  • End-stage renal disease (ESRD) management in the elderly presents unique challenges.

Purpose:

  • To review the prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly dialysis patients.
  • To explore the causes and consequences of cognitive impairment and dementia in ESRD.
  • To discuss potential prevention and treatment strategies.

Summary:

  • Cognitive impairment affects a substantial portion (20-87%) of hemodialysis patients, exceeding control group frequencies.
  • Etiology is multifactorial, including renal disease, comorbidities, uremia, and treatment-related factors.
  • Potentially reversible factors like anemia and treatment complications contribute to cognitive decline.

Impact:

  • Cognitive impairment significantly impacts patient compliance, healthcare resource utilization, and overall prognosis.
  • Clinicians frequently overlook cognitive impairment in renal failure patients.
  • Routine cognitive assessment in elderly renal failure patients is recommended to improve treatment and quality of care.