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Related Concept Videos

Aggregates Classification01:29

Aggregates Classification

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Aggregate classification is generally based on its size, petrographic characteristics, weight, and source. Size classification ranges from coarse to fine aggregates, defined by the size of the particles. Coarse aggregates are particles that do not pass through ASTM sieve No. 4, and aggregates that pass through the sieve are fine aggregates.
Petrographic classification groups aggregates based on common mineralogical characteristics. Some of the common mineral groups found in aggregates are...
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Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate01:22

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Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in...
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Deleterious Substances in Aggregate01:25

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

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Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
Another type of impurity is clay and fine material that...
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Types of Aggregate Grading01:15

Types of Aggregate Grading

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Aggregate grading is crucial in economically obtaining a concrete mix with adequate strength, reasonable workability, and minimal segregation. There are four types of aggregate gradation: well-graded, uniformly (or one-sized) graded, gap-graded, and open-graded.
Well-graded aggregates include a complete range of necessary size fractions that fit together to create a dense matrix with minimal voids, represented by a smooth, continuous gradation curve. This type of grading ensures good...
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Aggregate Cement Ratio01:21

Aggregate Cement Ratio

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The Aggregate Cement ratio refers to the weight of aggregate divided by the weight of cement in a concrete mix. Altering this ratio has profound effects on the concrete's properties. This ratio plays a pivotal role in determining the strength, workability, and durability of concrete. When the Aggregate Cement ratio is higher, the mix is leaner, meaning it has less cement paste to lubricate the aggregate, potentially making the concrete less workable. Such mixes, known as lean, enhance the...
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Design Example: Aggregate Gradation01:24

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

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The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
The grading, or particle-size distribution, of sand is determined using sieve analysis, with standard sizes ranging from 150 μm to 10 mm (ASTM No. 100 sieve to 3⁄8 in. sieve). Sand is...
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Applicability Analysis of Assessment Methods for Morphological Parameters of Corroded Steel Bars
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Parameters for assessing recycled aggregate and their correlation.

Vivian W Y Tam1, C M Tam

  • 1Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. v.tam@griffith.edu.au

Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA
|February 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recycling construction and demolition (C&D) waste, primarily concrete, is crucial for Hong Kong landfills. This study simplifies assessing recycled aggregate (RA) properties by identifying key parameters, reducing testing time and costs for wider adoption in construction.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Environmental Engineering

Background:

  • Construction and demolition (C&D) waste, predominantly concrete, significantly burdens Hong Kong's landfills.
  • Government initiatives promote recycled aggregate (RA) use, but practitioner skepticism persists due to property uncertainties.
  • Limited landfill space necessitates effective concrete waste recycling strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interrelationships among six key parameters governing recycled aggregate (RA) behavior.
  • To establish a simplified method for assessing RA properties for construction applications.
  • To reduce the time and cost associated with testing RA before its use in recycled aggregate concrete.

Main Methods:

  • Collected RA samples from nine demolition sites (10-40 years service life) and one recycling plant.
  • Analyzed six primary RA parameters: particle size distribution, particle density, porosity and absorption, particle shape, strength and toughness, and chloride and sulphate contents.
  • Compared the behavior of RA samples with normal aggregate samples.

Main Results:

  • A strong correlation was identified among the six investigated RA parameters.
  • Assessing RA behavior can be achieved by measuring just three parameters: (particle density OR porosity and absorption OR particle shape) AND strength and toughness AND chloride and sulphate contents.
  • This simplified assessment method shows promise for practical application in the construction industry.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified a reduced set of critical parameters for evaluating recycled aggregate (RA) quality.
  • The findings support increased confidence and adoption of RA in Hong Kong's construction industry.
  • Simplified RA testing protocols can accelerate the use of recycled materials, conserving landfill space and resources.