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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) of Metal-Ceramic Components
Published on: January 11, 2019
Glass-ceramic frits from fly ash in terracotta production
Emilia Karamanova1, Alexander Karamanov
1Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria. karama@ipc.bas.bg
Abstract:
Preliminary results of an investigation into the possible use of glass-ceramic frits from fly ash and glass cullet in terracotta (stoneware) tile manufacture are reported. Two new ceramics were studied and compared with a plant composition, containing 45 wt.% sodium feldspar. In the first ceramic batch 20% of the feldspar was substituted by frits and in the second the whole amount of feldspar was eliminated and replaced by 35% frits and 10% refractory waste. It was found that the addition of low viscous glass-ceramic frits decreased the sintering temperature by 50-100 degrees C. At the same time, due to formation of an additional crystal phase (i.e. pyroxene or anorthite) the new ceramics showed an improvement of 25-50% in bending strength.
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