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Related Concept Videos

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
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Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

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Alcohol use disorder and perioperative immune dysfunction.

Alexandra Lau1, Vera von Dossow, Michael Sander

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Unit, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Anesthesia and Analgesia
|February 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Long-term alcohol abuse impairs immune responses, increasing infection risk and hospital stays. Specific immune cell ratios (T helper 1/2, cytotoxic T lymphocyte) and cytokine ratios (IL-6/IL-10) are depressed, predicting postoperative infections.

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13:37

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Published on: March 12, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Immunology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Long-term alcohol abuse is associated with significant anesthesiological sequelae.
  • These include increased risks of postoperative infection, prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stays, and extended hospitalizations.
  • The underlying cause is an altered immune response in alcoholic patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific immunological changes in long-term alcoholic patients.
  • To determine if these changes predict postoperative infection risk.
  • To inform perioperative interventions aimed at mitigating immune dysregulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T helper cells 1 to T helper cells 2 (Th1/Th2) ratio pre- and post-surgery.
  • Assessment of cytotoxic lymphocyte (Tc1/Tc2) ratio post-surgery.
  • Measurement of interleukin (IL)-6/IL-10 and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated interferon gamma/IL-10 ratios in whole blood cells post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • Preoperative Th1/Th2 ratio is depressed in alcoholic patients and remains suppressed post-surgery, predicting infection onset.
  • Postoperative Tc1/Tc2, IL-6/IL-10, and interferon gamma/IL-10 ratios are decreased and remain depressed for at least 5 days.
  • These depressed postoperative immune ratios are predictive of subsequent infections.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term alcohol abuse leads to persistent immune dysregulation, increasing susceptibility to postoperative infections.
  • Specific immune cell and cytokine ratio changes serve as predictive markers for infection risk.
  • Perioperative strategies should focus on minimizing immune system dysregulation in alcoholic patients.