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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Localization of SUMO-modified Proteins Using Fluorescent Sumo-trapping Proteins

Localization of SUMO-modified Proteins Using Fluorescent Sumo-trapping Proteins

Published on: April 27, 2019

Essential role of nuclear localization for yeast Ulp2 SUMO protease function.

Mary B Kroetz¹, Dan Su, Mark Hochstrasser

¹Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.

Molecular Biology of the Cell

|February 20, 2009

Summary

The SUMO protease Ulp2

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology

Background:

SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational modification crucial for cellular processes.
SUMO proteases, like yeast Ulp2 and human SENP6, regulate SUMOylation.
Ulp2 is vital for chromosome stability and cell cycle progression in yeast.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the functional roles of Ulp2's N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD).
To determine the requirements for Ulp2's nuclear localization and function.
To understand the structural basis for the poor conservation of NTDs in the Ulp2/SENP6 family.

Main Methods:

Deletion mutagenesis of Ulp2's CTD and NTD.
Analysis of poly-SUMO conjugate accumulation.

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Reporter-based Growth Assay for Systematic Analysis of Protein Degradation

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Localization of SUMO-modified Proteins Using Fluorescent Sumo-trapping Proteins

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Protein Purification Technique that Allows Detection of Sumoylation and Ubiquitination of Budding Yeast Kinetochore Proteins Ndc10 and Ndc80

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Assessment of nuclear import using beta-importin Kap95.

Functional complementation assays with a heterologous NLS.

Main Results:

CTD deletion moderately impacts yeast growth but increases poly-SUMO conjugates.
The NTD is essential for Ulp2 function and nuclear targeting.
Specific short sequences within the NTD mediate nuclear localization.
Replacing the NTD with a heterologous NLS largely restores Ulp2 function.

Conclusions:

Nuclear localization of Ulp2 is critical for its in vivo function.
Minimal regions within the NTD are sufficient for nuclear import.
This explains the limited sequence conservation observed in the NTDs of Ulp2/SENP6 family proteases.