Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 25, 2026
14:58
Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Published on: October 20, 2017
National trends in spinal arteriovenous malformations
Shivanand P Lad1, Justin G Santarelli, Chirag G Patil
1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. nlad@stanford.edu
Neurosurgical Focus
|February 21, 2009
Summary
Spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treatment has shifted towards less invasive methods. While hospital stays decreased, costs significantly increased, highlighting evolving management strategies for these rare vascular lesions.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Vascular Surgery
- Radiology
Background:
- Spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare vascular lesions causing neurological deficits.
- Their complex anatomy and physiology present significant treatment challenges.
- Current treatments include microsurgery, embolization, and radiosurgery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze national treatment trends and outcomes for spinal AVMs.
- To investigate epidemiological and procedural management changes over an 11-year period.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the National Inpatient Sample database for data analysis.
- Examined hospital treatment data for spinal AVMs from 1995 to 2006.
Main Results:
- Average hospital stay for spinal AVM treatment decreased from over 9 days to 6 days.
- Average hospital costs increased from under $30,000 to nearly $70,000.
- Operative treatment decreased from 50% to 33% of cases.
Conclusions:
- Spinal AVM management is increasingly utilizing endovascular and radiosurgical approaches.
- Modern strategies are shifting away from traditional open surgery.
- Further discussion on contemporary treatment modalities is warranted.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
01:19Anastomoses
In human anatomy, anastomosis refers to a connection or opening between two things, particularly between blood vessels or other tubular structures. The term is derived from the Greek term 'anastomosis,' which means 'outlet' or 'opening.' This natural network of connections plays a critical role in the survival and functionality of the human body.
Anastomoses can be formed at arterial, venous, and lymphatic vessels.
Arterial Anastomosis: These occur between arteries. They are most common in...
Anastomoses can be formed at arterial, venous, and lymphatic vessels.
Arterial Anastomosis: These occur between arteries. They are most common in...
01:26Arteries of the Head and Neck
The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
01:25Hemodialysis I: Introduction
Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...