Respiratory physiotherapy in the pulmonary dysfunction after cardiac surgery.

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Pulmonology
• Physical Therapy

Background:

• Pulmonary dysfunction is common after cardiac surgery.
• Respiratory physiotherapy is crucial for postoperative recovery.
• Current literature lacks consensus on optimal techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically review respiratory physiotherapy techniques post-cardiac surgery.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques in resolving pulmonary dysfunction.
• To identify the most effective methods for postoperative respiratory care.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of randomized trials (1997-2007).
• Searched databases: BIREME, SciELO Brazil, LILACS, PUBMED.
• Included 11 randomized trials with 997 patients.

Main Results:

• Techniques reviewed include incentive spirometry, deep breathing exercises, positive expiratory pressure, positive airway pressure with inspiratory resistance, intermittent positive pressure breathing, continuous positive airway pressure, and bi-level positive airway pressure.
• Noninvasive ventilation demonstrated positive outcomes in early postoperative days.
• Varied protocols and co-interventions hindered direct comparative analysis.

Conclusions:

• Respiratory physiotherapy is vital following cardiac surgery.
• Noninvasive ventilation appears beneficial in the early postoperative period.
• Further research is needed to establish a consensus on the most effective respiratory physiotherapy techniques.