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Related Concept Videos

Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Models of Bone Metastasis
08:49

Models of Bone Metastasis

Published on: September 4, 2012

Infarct-associated bone sarcomas.

Gregory F Domson1, Amir Shahlaee, John D Reith

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 3450 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|February 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sarcoma associated with bone infarct is rare, often occurring near the knee. While prognosis is generally poor, early diagnosis without metastasis and adjuvant chemotherapy may improve survival rates for this bone cancer.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Models of Bone Metastasis
08:49

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Published on: September 4, 2012

Modeling Primary Bone Tumors and Bone Metastasis with Solid Tumor Graft Implantation into Bone
06:53

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Published on: September 9, 2020

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
08:07

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Published on: April 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Oncology
  • Bone Pathology
  • Skeletal Tumors

Background:

  • Sarcoma arising from bone infarcts is an exceptionally rare clinical entity.
  • The majority of these tumors (60%) are located around the knee.
  • Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is the most common histological subtype observed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and survival rates of patients with sarcoma associated with bone infarct.
  • To evaluate the impact of treatment modalities, including surgery and chemotherapy, on patient prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of 15 newly reported patients with sarcoma associated with bone infarct.
  • Literature review and meta-analysis combining the current cohort with 52 previously reported cases.
  • Evaluation of treatment strategies: limb salvage, amputation, biopsy alone, and chemotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Of the 15 patients, 12 presented with tumors around the knee. Initial treatment involved limb salvage (7), amputation (6), or biopsy alone (2).
  • For patients without metastatic disease at diagnosis, the 2-year disease-free survival rate was 63%.
  • Combining all cases (n=67), 57% died of the disease. However, 62% of patients receiving chemotherapy were continuously disease-free at 24 months, compared to 24% of those not receiving chemotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Sarcoma associated with bone infarct carries a generally poor prognosis, particularly in cases with metastatic disease at diagnosis.
  • Patients without metastasis at diagnosis have a prognosis comparable to other bone sarcomas.
  • Adjuvant chemotherapy, in conjunction with appropriate surgical intervention, shows a trend towards improved patient outcomes and warrants further investigation.