Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis
Published on: August 9, 2024
Objective voice analysis of Iranian speakers with normal voices
Ali Dehqan1, Hossein Ansari, Mehdi Bakhtiar
1Department of Speech Therapy, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. dehqan@zdmu.ac.ir
Objectives:
Objective measurements in general and acoustic measurements in particular have become a substantial aspect of voice assessment during the last few decades and studies have established that normative data is necessary for acoustic analysis. Voice acoustic analysis including fundamental frequency (F(0)), jitter, shimmer, harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), and maximum phonation time (MPT) can now be easily recorded and analyzed using a computer. Because these systems are widely used in clinical practice, this study was designed to establish the normal acoustic analysis parameters in normal Iranian adults.
Methods:
A group of 90 unpaid, healthy, randomly selected subjects with normal voices (45 Iranian men and 45 Iranian women), was selected for this study. Data collection was carried out, using the Dr. Speech Software (subprogram: vocal assessment version 4.0 from Tiger Electronics) at the speech therapy clinic under comfortable phonation. Each gender was separated equally into three age subgroups. Then differences between gender and age subgroups were investigated by statistics software SPSS 13.0.
Results:
The value of (vowels /â/ and /i/) was greater for females (214.64+/-1.16; 228.06+/-1.5 Hz) than for males (112.82+/-0.94; 126.13+/-1.49 Hz). Conversely, the value of MPT was greater for males (26.30+/-1.29 s) than for females (18.56+/-0.88 s). There were no significant differences in average shimmer and jitter between females (1.21+/-0.03%; 0.22+/-0.01%) and males (1.22+/-0.02%; 0.23+/-0.02%). However, the value of HNR was greater for females (18.81+/-0.96 dB) than for males (18.42+/-0.57 dB).
Conclusions:
The present study developed a body of normal data for various parameters of acoustic analysis in different age groups and genders of normal Iranian adults. It seems that the majority of voice characteristics of adults was relatively stable and did not change with aging between 20 and 50 years. However, the voice characteristics of adults older than 50 years were not recorded in this study and therefore require further investigation.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Larynx
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation
Breath Sounds
Breath sounds are categorized into vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial.
Auditory Perception
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Non-Verbal Cues

