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Nonstandard maternal work schedules during infancy: implications for children's early behavior problems.

Stephanie S Daniel1, Joseph G Grzywacz, Esther Leerkes

  • 1The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Center for Youth, Family, and Community Partnerships, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA. ssdaniel@uncg.edu

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Maternal nonstandard work schedules are linked to increased child behavior problems. Infant temperament and maternal depression may influence these outcomes, affecting early childhood development.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Sociology of the Family

Background:

  • Maternal employment is common, but nonstandard work schedules may impact child development.
  • Understanding the effects of work schedules on early childhood behavior is crucial for parental support and policy.
  • Infant temperament and maternal mental health are potential moderators of child outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between maternal nonstandard work schedules and children's behavior problems up to 36 months.
  • To investigate if infant temperament moderates the relationship between maternal work schedules and child behavior.
  • To explore the mediating role of maternal depressive symptoms in this association.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care (Phase I).
  • Focused on mothers working ≥35 hours/week from 6 to 36 months postpartum.
  • Assessed child behavior problems (internalizing and externalizing) at 24 and 36 months.

Main Results:

  • Children of mothers on nonstandard work schedules exhibited higher internalizing and externalizing behaviors at 24 and 36 months.
  • Evidence suggests temperamentally reactive infants may be more vulnerable to maternal work schedules.
  • Maternal depressive symptoms partially mediated the link between nonstandard schedules and child behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal nonstandard work schedules are associated with adverse child behavior outcomes in early childhood.
  • Infant temperament and maternal mental health are important factors to consider when examining these associations.
  • Interventions addressing maternal well-being and work-life balance may mitigate negative effects on child development.