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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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Murine Superficial Lymph Node Surgery
04:36

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Programming for CD8 T cell memory development requires IL-12 or type I IFN.

Zhengguo Xiao1, Kerry A Casey, Stephen C Jameson

  • 1Center for Immunology and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|February 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and type I interferon (IFN) directly promote CD8 T cell memory formation. These cytokines are crucial for establishing protective immunity after viral and bacterial infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • T cell biology
  • Infectious disease

Background:

  • Inflammation's role in CD8 T cell memory development is complex, with unclear cytokine contributions and targets.
  • Understanding cytokine signaling is vital for effective vaccine design and immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the direct roles of IL-12 and type I IFN in CD8 T cell memory formation.
  • To determine the relative importance of these cytokines in response to different pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CD8 T cells genetically modified to lack receptors for IL-12, type I IFN, or both.
  • Assessed T cell memory development following infections with vaccinia virus and Listeria monocytogenes.

Main Results:

  • IL-12 primarily drives vaccinia virus memory; both IL-12 and type I IFN contribute to Listeria monocytogenes memory.
  • Cytokine signaling minimally impacted primary T cell expansion but was critical for long-term memory.
  • IL-12 programming for memory is established early (within 3 days) and generates central memory CD8 T cells.

Conclusions:

  • IL-12 and type I IFN are essential early regulators of CD8 T cell memory differentiation.
  • These cytokines dictate the generation of protective memory populations crucial for adaptive immunity.