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Related Concept Videos

Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:04

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 8, 2017

[Cerebral malaria].

Kenji Ohnishi1

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh General Hospital, 4-23-15 Kohtohbashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8575, Japan.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|February 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Cerebral malaria (CM), a severe falciparum malaria complication, presents with consciousness disturbances. Early diagnosis and emergency treatment with artesunate or quinine are crucial for improving the poor prognosis of this life-threatening infectious disease.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology
  • Tropical Medicine

Background:

  • Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication of falciparum malaria.
  • Disturbed consciousness is a primary symptom of CM.
  • Pathogenesis involves sequestration of infected red blood cells in cerebral microvasculature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical nature of CM.
  • To emphasize the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment.
  • To raise awareness among clinicians regarding potential increases in CM cases.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical observation and diagnosis of CM based on symptoms and exclusion of other conditions.
  • Review of diagnostic findings (CT/MRI) which show no specific abnormalities.
  • Treatment protocols involving intravenous artesunate or quinine.

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Isolation and Analysis of Brain-sequestered Leukocytes from Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected Mice
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Isolation and Analysis of Brain-sequestered Leukocytes from Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected Mice

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Selection of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites for Cytoadhesion to Human Brain Endothelial Cells
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Selection of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites for Cytoadhesion to Human Brain Endothelial Cells

Published on: January 3, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:04

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 8, 2017

Isolation and Analysis of Brain-sequestered Leukocytes from Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected Mice
12:48

Isolation and Analysis of Brain-sequestered Leukocytes from Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected Mice

Published on: January 2, 2013

Selection of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites for Cytoadhesion to Human Brain Endothelial Cells
10:09

Selection of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites for Cytoadhesion to Human Brain Endothelial Cells

Published on: January 3, 2012

Main Results:

  • CM is characterized by disturbed consciousness in falciparum malaria patients.
  • Brain imaging (CT/MRI) lacks specific findings for CM.
  • Rapid and adequate treatment is essential for survival.

Conclusions:

  • CM is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention.
  • Clinicians should consider CM in patients with falciparum malaria and altered consciousness.
  • Anticipated increase in Japanese CM cases necessitates heightened clinical awareness.