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Related Concept Videos

Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

High Resolution Quantitative Synaptic Proteome Profiling of Mouse Brain Regions After Auditory Discrimination Learning
10:36

High Resolution Quantitative Synaptic Proteome Profiling of Mouse Brain Regions After Auditory Discrimination Learning

Published on: December 15, 2016

Synaptic mRNAs are modulated by learning.

Eugenia Ferrara1, Carolina Cefaliello, Maria Eyman

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Journal of Neuroscience Research
|February 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain plasticity alters synaptic protein synthesis. Learning a task in rats showed specific synaptic protein mRNA levels correlate with distinct behaviors, suggesting transcriptional regulation.

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Presynaptically Silent Synapses Studied with Light Microscopy
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Presynaptically Silent Synapses Studied with Light Microscopy

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Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents
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Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

High Resolution Quantitative Synaptic Proteome Profiling of Mouse Brain Regions After Auditory Discrimination Learning
10:36

High Resolution Quantitative Synaptic Proteome Profiling of Mouse Brain Regions After Auditory Discrimination Learning

Published on: December 15, 2016

Presynaptically Silent Synapses Studied with Light Microscopy
11:02

Presynaptically Silent Synapses Studied with Light Microscopy

Published on: January 4, 2010

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents
11:29

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

Published on: September 4, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Brain plasticity involves changes in synaptic protein synthesis.
  • Previous work demonstrated [(35)S]methionine incorporation reflects synaptic protein synthesis.
  • Specific synaptic proteins are selectively enhanced during learning tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if synaptic protein synthesis is transcriptionally regulated.
  • To correlate synaptosomal mRNA content with behavioral responses in a learning task.
  • To explore the cellular origin of synaptic transcripts.

Main Methods:

  • Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to quantify synaptosomal mRNA.
  • Behavioral analysis of rats performing a two-way active avoidance task.
  • Correlative analysis between mRNA levels and behavioral outcomes.

Main Results:

  • GAT-1 mRNA levels correlated with avoidance and escape behaviors in the rat cerebellum.
  • Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA levels correlated with freezing behaviors in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex.
  • Selective enhancement of specific synaptic protein synthesis was observed during learning.

Conclusions:

  • Synaptic protein synthesis is likely transcriptionally regulated.
  • Specific mRNAs (GAT-1, GFAP) are associated with distinct behavioral responses during learning.
  • The cellular origin of synaptic transcripts, including those distant from neuron somas, is relevant to synaptic plasticity.