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Related Concept Videos

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
07:11

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Published on: October 28, 2020

Left ventricular hypertrophy in athletes.

John Rawlins1, Amit Bhan, Sanjay Sharma

  • 1King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.

European Journal of Echocardiography : the Journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology
|February 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intensive exercise can increase heart size in athletes, sometimes mimicking cardiac disease. Differentiating physiological changes from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is crucial for young athletes to prevent sudden cardiac death.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Intensive exercise leads to physiological cardiac adaptations, including increased left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) and cavity size.
  • These changes vary based on demographics like age, gender, ethnicity, and sport type.
  • Some athletes exhibit cardiac enlargement that can resemble cardiomyopathies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological upper limits of LVWT in athletes.
  • To identify determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in athletes.
  • To discuss echocardiographic methods for distinguishing athlete's heart from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on exercise physiology and cardiac imaging.
  • Analysis of studies on athlete's heart and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
  • Echocardiographic criteria for differentiating physiological and pathological cardiac changes.

Main Results:

  • Physiological LVH in athletes is influenced by training intensity, duration, and individual factors.
  • Significant cardiac enlargement in athletes can overlap with HCM phenotypes.
  • Echocardiography plays a key role in differentiating athlete's heart from HCM.

Conclusions:

  • Distinguishing athlete's heart from HCM is clinically vital, especially in young athletes.
  • Understanding the determinants and limits of exercise-induced cardiac changes is essential.
  • Accurate differentiation prevents misdiagnosis and ensures appropriate management for athletes.