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Related Concept Videos

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
Varicose Veins I: Introduction01:26

Varicose Veins I: Introduction

Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

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Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Combined Supine and Standing Imaging for Varicocele: An Improved Diagnostic Approach
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Published on: November 22, 2024

Varicocele: red flag or red herring?

Armand Zini1, Jason M Boman

  • 1Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University, St. Mary's Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada. ziniarmand@yahoo.com

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine
|February 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Varicocele, enlarged veins in the scrotum, is associated with male infertility. While not definitively causal, varicocele repair (varicocelectomy) shows promise for improving fertility outcomes in affected couples.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Andrology

Background:

  • The link between varicocele and male infertility is a long-standing debate.
  • Surgical correction of varicocele for infertility treatment remains controversial.
  • Evidence for improved semen parameters post-surgery exists, but conclusive pregnancy data is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on varicocele's impact on male fertility.
  • To analyze the efficacy of varicocele repair in treating male infertility.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current data on varicocele and male infertility.
  • Analysis of studies evaluating varicocele repair outcomes.

Main Results:

  • A clear association between varicocele and male infertility is established.
  • A definitive cause-and-effect relationship has not been conclusively proven.
  • Pregnancy outcome data supports varicocelectomy as a viable treatment option for clinical varicocele in infertile men.

Conclusions:

  • Varicocele is associated with male infertility, but causality is not definitively established.
  • Varicocelectomy is a supported treatment option for infertile couples with clinical varicocele.