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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
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Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

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Published on: January 17, 2018

Maxillary sinus anatomy: a cadaveric study with clinical implications.

M Gosau1, D Rink, O Driemel

  • 1Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Regensburg, Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany. gosau@powerpore.com

Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|February 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study quantified maxillary sinus volume, semilunar hiatus location, and antral septa prevalence. These anatomical factors are crucial for planning successful maxillary sinus floor elevation procedures.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Maxillary sinus anatomy is critical for dental implantology and sinus lift procedures.
  • Understanding variations in sinus volume, semilunar hiatus position, and antral septa is essential for surgical planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure maxillary sinus volume.
  • To evaluate the location of the semilunar hiatus relative to the nasal floor.
  • To determine the incidence, location, and height of maxillary antral septa and discuss their clinical implications.

Main Methods:

  • Maxillary sinus volume was quantified using water displacement via the semilunar hiatus in 65 cadavers (130 sinuses).
  • Semilunar hiatus location was measured as its distance from the nasal floor.
  • Antral septa were counted, located (by molar/premolar region), and measured for height from the antral floor.

Main Results:

  • The average maxillary sinus volume was 12.5 mL (range: 5-22 mL).
  • The average semilunar hiatus location was 25.6 mm above the nasal floor (range: 18-35 mm).
  • Antral septa were present in 27% of sinuses (35/130), with an average height of 5.4 mm (range: 2.5-11 mm). Septa were most common in the first molar (29%), second molar (23%), and second premolar (23%) regions.

Conclusions:

  • Maxillary sinus volume, semilunar hiatus height, and antral septa characteristics (height, location, number) are vital considerations.
  • Accurate assessment of these anatomical features is necessary for optimal planning of maxillary sinus floor elevation and bone grafting procedures.