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Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue

Published on: March 23, 2015

Cyclic AMP produced inside mitochondria regulates oxidative phosphorylation.

Rebeca Acin-Perez¹, Eric Salazar, Margarita Kamenetsky

¹Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Cell Metabolism

|March 4, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondria use a novel internal signaling pathway involving soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) and protein kinase A (PKA) to sense nutrient levels. This pathway regulates ATP production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.

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Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

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Published on: February 24, 2018

Area of Science:

Mitochondrial biology
Cellular metabolism
Signal transduction

Background:

Mitochondria regulate ATP production and reactive oxygen radical (ROS) levels.
Mitochondrial protein phosphorylation is crucial for metabolic homeostasis, but signaling pathways remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of protein kinase A (PKA) in regulating mitochondrial ATP production.
To identify the source and regulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) that activates mitochondrial PKA.

Main Methods:

Investigated protein kinase A (PKA) activity in mitochondria.
Measured cyclic AMP (cAMP) generation within mitochondria.
Analyzed the role of soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) in response to carbon dioxide and bicarbonate.

Main Results:

Protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates mitochondrial proteins, including cytochrome c oxidase subunits, affecting ATP production.
Mitochondrial cAMP is generated internally by soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), regulated by CO(2)/HCO(3)(-).
A novel mitochondrial signaling cascade (CO(2)-HCO(3)(-)-sAC-cAMP-PKA) was identified.

Conclusions:

Mitochondria possess an intrinsic signaling system to sense metabolic status.
This mito-sAC pathway modulates ATP generation and ROS production based on nutrient availability.