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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

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Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2
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An ultrahigh-vacuum apparatus for resonant diffraction experiments using soft x rays (hnu=300-2000 eV).

T Takeuchi1, A Chainani, Y Takata

  • 1RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto Sayo-cho Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.

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Summary

A new ultrahigh-vacuum instrument enables resonant diffraction experiments using polarized soft x-rays (300-2000 eV). This advanced system offers high reproducibility for studying materials across various elemental edges.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • X-ray Optics

Background:

  • Resonant x-ray diffraction is a powerful technique for probing electronic and magnetic structures.
  • Previous limitations in soft x-ray energy ranges hindered detailed studies of specific elemental edges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize an advanced ultrahigh-vacuum instrument for soft x-ray resonant diffraction.
  • To enable high-resolution, temperature-dependent measurements in the 300-2000 eV range.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of an ultrahigh-vacuum diffractometer with precise sample manipulation (x-y-z, chi, phi axes).
  • Integration of a liquid helium cryostat for measurements from 30 to 300 K.
  • Utilizing polarized soft x-rays at beamline BL17SU, SPring-8.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated high reproducibility (better than 0.001 degrees) for Bragg reflections.
  • Successfully measured on- and off-resonance Bragg reflections in the 530-1950 eV range.
  • Confirmed reliable measurement of energy-, azimuth-, and polarization-dependent x-ray diffraction.

Conclusions:

  • The developed instrument reliably performs soft x-ray resonant diffraction experiments.
  • The facility is suitable for studying L-edges of transition metals, M-edges of lanthanides, and Si K-edges.
  • This advancement facilitates detailed investigations of material properties using soft x-rays.