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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
Published on: May 30, 2014
Preparation contextuality powers parity-oblivious multiplexing
Robert W Spekkens1, D H Buzacott, A J Keehn
1DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, United Kingdom.
Abstract:
In a noncontextual hidden variable model of quantum theory, hidden variables determine the outcomes of every measurement in a manner that is independent of how the measurement is implemented. Using a generalization of this notion to arbitrary operational theories and to preparation procedures, we demonstrate that a particular two-party information-processing task, "parity-oblivious multiplexing," is powered by contextuality in the sense that there is a limit to how well any theory described by a noncontextual hidden variable model can perform. This bound constitutes a "noncontextuality inequality" that is violated by quantum theory. We report an experimental violation of this inequality in good agreement with the quantum predictions. The experimental results also provide the first demonstration of 2-to-1 and 3-to-1 quantum random access codes.
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