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Related Concept Videos

Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis
09:34

An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis

Published on: August 16, 2021

Macrophage apoptosis in tuberculosis.

Jinhee Lee1, Michelle Hartman, Hardy Kornfeld

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.

Yonsei Medical Journal
|March 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection relies on blocking macrophage phagosome maturation. This review explores how programmed cell death (apoptosis) in lung macrophages impacts host defense against Mtb.

Keywords:
Tuberculosisapoptosishost defensemacrophagemycobacterium

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Polarization of M1 and M2 Human Monocyte-Derived Cells and Analysis with Flow Cytometry upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
10:43

Polarization of M1 and M2 Human Monocyte-Derived Cells and Analysis with Flow Cytometry upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Published on: September 18, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an intracellular pathogen infecting alveolar macrophages.
  • Lung macrophages are essential for Mtb establishment, utilizing phagosome maturation inhibition for replication.
  • Apoptosis is a key host defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of macrophage apoptosis in tuberculosis (TB).
  • To present the current understanding of programmed cell death in TB pathogenesis.
  • To model the complex interaction between macrophages, Mtb, and cell death pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and current research on macrophage apoptosis in TB.
  • Analysis of cell death signaling pathways in the context of Mtb infection.
  • Development of a model for macrophage-pathogen interaction.

Main Results:

  • Emerging evidence highlights the significance of macrophage apoptosis in TB over the past 15 years.
  • Mtb's ability to manipulate host cell processes, including apoptosis, is crucial for its survival.
  • Understanding apoptosis pathways is vital for comprehending host defense.

Conclusions:

  • Macrophage apoptosis is a critical factor in the host-pathogen dynamics of TB.
  • Programmed cell death pathways are intricately linked to host defense strategies against Mtb.
  • Further research into these complex interactions may reveal new therapeutic targets for TB.