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Related Concept Videos

Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...

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Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
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Titanium complexes of amidophosphinimide ligands.

Osamah Alhomaidan1, Chad Beddie, Guangcai Bai

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B3P4.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|March 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

New titanium complexes with phosphinimine ligands show promise for ethylene polymerization. Modified bis-phosphinimine ligands, activated by [Ph(3)C][B(C(6)F(5))(4)], yield moderate to good polymerization activities.

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Published on: March 20, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Tripodal phosphines and their derivatives are explored as ligands in coordination chemistry.
  • Titanium complexes are widely investigated catalysts for olefin polymerization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel titanium complexes featuring phosphinimine ligands.
  • To evaluate the catalytic activity of these complexes in ethylene polymerization.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of tripodal phosphinimines and their conversion to phosphinimine titanium complexes.
  • Alkylation of titanium complexes to form dimethyl derivatives.
  • Development of an alternative synthetic route using bis-phosphinimine ligands.
  • Catalytic testing of synthesized titanium complexes for ethylene polymerization using MAO and [Ph(3)C][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] as activators.

Main Results:

  • Initial titanium complexes with simple phosphinimine ligands exhibited negligible ethylene polymerization activity with MAO.
  • Titanium complexes derived from bis-phosphinimine ligands showed moderate to good polymerization activities when activated by [Ph(3)C][B(C(6)F(5))(4)].

Conclusions:

  • The structure of the phosphinimine ligand significantly impacts the catalytic performance in ethylene polymerization.
  • Bis-phosphinimine titanium complexes activated by [Ph(3)C][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] represent a promising class of catalysts for ethylene polymerization.