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Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

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The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
The Bohr Model02:18

The Bohr Model

Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as the nucleus...
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He mathematically...
2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Quantum holographic encoding in a two-dimensional electron gas.

Christopher R Moon1, Laila S Mattos, Brian K Foster

  • 1Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Nature Nanotechnology
|March 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate a novel holographic method to surpass atomic limits for information density. This technique uses electron wavefunctions to encode data, achieving over 20 bits per square nanometer.

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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) enables atomic manipulation for data storage.
  • Conventional understanding posits atomic spacing as a limit to information density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a holographic method for exceeding theoretical information density limits.
  • To explore the use of electron wavefunctions for high-density data encoding.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) to manipulate individual molecules.
  • Developed a holographic approach based on electron wavefunctions.
  • Created and detected electronically projected objects with nanoscale features.

Main Results:

  • Achieved information densities exceeding 20 bits per square nanometer.
  • Demonstrated the creation of features as small as 0.3 nm.
  • Implemented an electronic quantum encoding scheme storing multiple bits in a single fermionic state.

Conclusions:

  • Holographic methods using electron wavefunctions can overcome atomic spacing limitations.
  • This approach offers a pathway to unprecedented information storage densities.
  • Electronic quantum encoding represents a significant advancement in data storage technology.