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Comparison of Artificial Intelligence to Resident Performance on Upper-Extremity Orthopaedic In-Training Examination

Yagiz Ozdag¹, Daniel S Hayes¹, Gabriel S Makar¹

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geisinger Musculoskeletal Institute, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, PA.

Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online

|June 21, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence (AI) showed lower performance on upper-extremity (UE) surgical education questions compared to residents. Further AI development is needed for its role in surgical training.

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence ChatGPT Orthopaedic In-Training Examination Resident education Upper extremity

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Area of Science:

Medical Education
Artificial Intelligence
Orthopaedic Surgery

Background:

Limited research exists on artificial intelligence (AI) applications in upper-extremity (UE) surgical education.
Evaluating AI's potential in surgical training requires rigorous assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the performance of ChatGPT, a novel AI tool, on UE surgical education questions.
To compare ChatGPT's performance against hand surgery residents on the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE).

Main Methods:

Selected 102 UE OITE questions (2020-2022), categorized as text-only or media-based.
Inputted questions into ChatGPT (version 3.5) for open-ended and multiple-choice responses.
Compared AI-generated answers to OITE scoring guides and resident performance data.

Main Results:

ChatGPT answered 45% of UE OITE questions correctly.
Performance was 42% for text-only and 44% for media-based questions.
Postgraduate Year 1 residents scored 51% and Year 5 residents scored 76%.

Conclusions:

ChatGPT demonstrated lower accuracy than hand surgery residents across all training levels.
Current AI tools require further development for effective integration into UE surgical education.