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Related Concept Videos

Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts— that give the...
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model
06:59

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model

Published on: September 8, 2023

Nanostructural analysis of trabecular bone.

Sun Ig Hong1, Soon Ku Hong, David H Kohn

  • 1Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA. sihong@cnu.ac.kr

Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine
|March 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomechanics
  • Biomineralization
  • Bone Histology

Background:

  • Bone's mechanical properties depend on mineral and matrix organization across hierarchical levels.
  • Nanoscale structure-function relationships, particularly in trabecular bone, remain less understood.
  • Understanding trabecular bone's nanoscale architecture is crucial for comprehending its mechanical behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the shape and orientation of apatite crystals in murine femoral trabecular bone at the nanoscale.
  • To compare the nanostructural characteristics of trabecular bone with those of lamellar bone.
  • To explore the implications of these findings for bone adaptation theories like Wolff's Law.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was employed to analyze apatite crystal morphology and orientation.
  • Dark field image analysis was used to determine crystal crystallinity.
  • Comparison with existing literature data on lamellar bone was performed.

Main Results:

  • Apatite crystals in trabecular bone exhibited different distribution and orientation compared to lamellar bone.
  • The c-axis of apatite crystals in trabecular bone showed no preferred orientation.
  • Apatite crystals were identified as multi-crystalline, not single crystalline.
  • Nanoscale apatite structures resemble biomimetically nucleated synthetic amorphous calcium phosphate, suggesting they are bone mineral apatite nuclei.

Conclusions:

  • The unique orientation distribution of apatite crystals in trabecular bone may relate to its complex stress environment.
  • Wolff's Law appears applicable to the nanostructural orientation and distribution of apatite crystals in trabecular bone.
  • Observed nanoscale crystalline particles suggest a potential mechanism for bone mineral nucleation.