Epoxycarotenoids esters analysis in intact orange juices using two-dimensional comprehensive liquid chromatography

In this work, the native carotenoid pattern of different orange juices was studied by LC x LC-DAD/APCI-IT-TOF-MS for the first time. Special attention was given to the epoxycarotenoids components. It has been already proposed that the relative proportions and composition of these epoxycarotenoids can be used to estimate the age and freshness of an orange juice. Re-arrangements from 5,6- to 5,8-epoxides can occur with time, partially due to the natural acidity of the juices. Thus, the study of these carotenoids in their intact form, that is, esterified with fatty acids, is of great interest. Besides, other free carotenoid and carotenoids esters were identified in seven different monovarietal orange juices and a commercial orange juice. Moreover, the higher separation power of the present LC x LC approach allowed a clearer identification of the compounds contained in the sample compared to the more commonly used approach which uses C(30) stationary phases in conventional LC, thanks to the attainment of clearer MS spectra due to the higher resolution and separation degree obtained in LC x LC. This method could also be used to establish authenticity markers among orange varieties that could be potentially used to prevent or detect adulterations or to establish ripeness indexes.