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Related Concept Videos

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Microbial Phylogeny01:28

Microbial Phylogeny

Understanding the evolutionary relationships among microorganisms is fundamental to microbial ecology and taxonomy. Phylogenetic trees are essential tools for inferring these relationships, relying primarily on comparative analyses of molecular sequences such as DNA, RNA, or proteins. In microbial studies, these trees typically depict the evolutionary paths of diverse bacterial and archaeal species by mapping genetic differences accumulated over time.Phylogenetic trees are composed of tips,...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Methodology for the Study of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Staphylococcus aureus
10:39

Methodology for the Study of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: March 10, 2017

Testing phylogenetic methods to identify horizontal gene transfer.

Maria Poptsova1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a method for evaluating phylogenetic horizontal gene transfer (HGT) detection tools. By simulating HGT events, researchers can assess the accuracy and reliability of these crucial evolutionary analysis methods.

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Published on: January 4, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a significant evolutionary mechanism.
  • Accurate detection of HGT is crucial for understanding genome evolution.
  • Existing phylogenetic HGT detection methods vary in their power and precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a standardized methodology for assessing the detection power of phylogenetic HGT detection methods.
  • To provide a framework for estimating false positive and false negative rates of HGT detection.
  • To compare the performance of different phylogenetic HGT detection approaches.

Main Methods:

  • The methodology involves creating HGT-free orthologous sets and simulating HGT events within them.
  • Both original and simulated datasets are then evaluated using various phylogenetic HGT detection methods.
  • Three main categories of methods are considered: likelihood-based topology tests, tree distance methods, and genome spectral approaches.

Main Results:

  • The study outlines a three-step process for evaluating HGT detection power: dataset preparation, in silico HGT simulation, and method evaluation.
  • It discusses inherent restrictions and comparative analyses of different phylogenetic HGT detection techniques.
  • Case studies using gamma-proteobacteria and cyanobacteria datasets illustrate the assessment process.

Conclusions:

  • A robust methodology is presented for assessing the power of phylogenetic HGT detection tools.
  • Understanding the power and limitations of these methods is essential for accurate evolutionary inference.
  • The proposed framework facilitates comparative analyses and aids in selecting appropriate HGT detection strategies.