Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Sclerosis.

Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology·2026
Same author

The correlation of whole blood viscosity and outcome in mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.

Frontiers in stroke·2026
Same author

From rodents to algorithms: The rise of virtual animals in drug development and neuroscience.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2025
Same author

Diagnostic yield and therapeutic implications of vascular imaging in acute ischemic stroke: prospective and consecutive study of small vessel versus large vessel ischemia.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association·2024
Same author

Correction to: The Human Gut Microbiota: A Dynamic Biologic Factory.

Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology·2024
Same author

The Human Gut Microbiota: A Dynamic Biologic Factory.

Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology·2024
Same journal

Care Transitions Continue to Evolve.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Navigating the Gaps: A Comprehensive Overview of Care Transitions Across the Continuum.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Care Transitions and Value-Based Payment Models in the United States.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Technology and Innovation in Care Transitions: Imagining the Future of Postdischarge Care.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Primary Care, Specialists, and Hospitals: Bridging the Gaps in Communication and Coordination.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Social Determinants of Health: Unique Considerations in Transitions of Care.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

Memory complaints and dementia.

Roger E Kelley1, Alireza Minagar

  • 1Department of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA. rkelly@lsuhsc.edu

The Medical Clinics of North America
|March 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

As people live longer, distinguishing dementia from normal age-related memory loss is crucial. Progressive cognitive decline without a clear cause likely indicates a dementia illness.

More Related Videos

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
06:23

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
06:23

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Global life expectancy is increasing, leading to a rise in dementia cases worldwide.
  • Differentiating between dementia and normal age-related cognitive decline is a significant clinical challenge.
  • Benign forgetfulness of senescence describes expected cognitive changes with aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of distinguishing true dementia from normal aging.
  • To provide a framework for identifying potential dementia in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aging, cognitive decline, and dementia.
  • Clinical differentiation criteria for dementia versus benign forgetfulness.

Main Results:

  • Aging is associated with some memory loss, termed benign forgetfulness of senescence.
  • Progressive cognitive impairment to a clinically significant degree, without identifiable causes, suggests dementia.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis is essential to differentiate dementia from normal aging.
  • Identifying dementia early is critical for appropriate management and care.
  • Further research is needed to refine diagnostic criteria and improve patient outcomes.