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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription factors...
Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...

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Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos
08:37

Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos

Published on: October 9, 2020

MicroRNAs in skeletogenesis.

Chuan-Ju Liu1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10003, USA. chuanju.liu@med.nyu.edu

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|March 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and are crucial for skeletal development. Further research into their roles in skeletogenesis and related diseases is needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • miRNAs play vital roles in various biological processes, including development.
  • Their specific functions in skeletogenesis are an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of miRNAs in skeletogenesis.
  • To discuss the involvement of miRNAs in skeleton-related diseases.
  • To highlight current knowledge gaps in miRNA-mediated skeletal biology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of miRNA biogenesis, function, and study approaches.
  • Focus on studies investigating miRNAs in bone and cartilage development.
  • Analysis of research on miRNAs in skeletal dysplasias.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs are key regulators of gene expression impacting skeletogenesis.
  • Dysregulation of miRNAs is implicated in various skeletal disorders.
  • Existing research provides a foundation, but significant knowledge gaps remain.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs represent a novel frontier in understanding bone and cartilage biology.
  • Further in vivo studies are essential to elucidate miRNA functions in skeletogenesis.
  • Understanding miRNA mechanisms is critical for addressing musculoskeletal disorders.