Component-resolved in vitro diagnosis in peach-allergic patients

The in vitro diagnosis of pollen-related food allergy presents low specificity and reproducibility with many conventional extracts. This can be improved using natural purified allergens, recombinant purified allergens, or both.

We compared specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E determination (slgE), the basophil activation test (BAT), the histamine release test (HRT), and the cellular allergen stimulation test (CAST) using natural and recombinant allergens in the diagnosis of peach allergy.

Thirty-two peach allergic patients were studied. Skin prick tests were performed with commercial peach and extract with Mal d 1, nPru p 3, and profilin (nPho d 2). slgE, BAT, CAST, and HRT were determined using rPru p 3, rMal d 3, rBet v 1, rMal d 1, and rMal d 4.

Agreement between the techniques was good with all the allergens, except HRT with rMal d 1 and rMal d 4. With rPru p 3, slgE, CAST, BAT, and HRT showed sensitivity values of 88%, 81%, 72%, and 69% and specificity values of 100%, 93%, 97%, and 83%, respectively. In patients with systemic symptoms or contact urticaria, the values were 100%, 85%, 81%, and 81%. In patients with oral allergy syndrome, sensitivity to profilins or homologues of Bet v 1 was detected in 100% of the cases by all the techniques, except by HRT with rMal d 1, which detected 66% of the cases.

The use of single allergens in the in vitro diagnosis of peach allergy by specific IgE determination, BAT, and CAST offers high specificity and sensitivity, with better results than the HRT.