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Related Concept Videos

Caspases01:24

Caspases

Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside cells.
Overview of Protein Metabolism01:21

Overview of Protein Metabolism

Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin...
The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
Amino Acid Catabolism01:18

Amino Acid Catabolism

Microorganisms rely on proteins as an essential carbon and energy source, particularly in environments with limited polysaccharides or lipids. However, proteins are too large to cross the plasma membrane unaided, necessitating enzymatic degradation. Microbes secrete extracellular proteases and peptidases that hydrolyze proteins into peptides, which can then be transported across the membrane. Once inside the cell, intracellular proteases degrade these peptides into free amino acids, which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Immunometabolic Circuits in Infection for Advancing Host Directed Therapies
11:12

Immunometabolic Circuits in Infection for Advancing Host Directed Therapies

Published on: September 13, 2024

CIDE proteins and metabolic disorders.

Jingyi Gong1, Zhiqi Sun, Peng Li

  • 1Protein Science Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Current Opinion in Lipidology
|March 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) proteins regulate metabolism and energy homeostasis. Their dysregulation is linked to obesity, diabetes, and liver steatosis, making them potential therapeutic targets.

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Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death
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Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Immunometabolic Circuits in Infection for Advancing Host Directed Therapies
11:12

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Published on: September 13, 2024

Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death
10:23

Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death

Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Regulation
  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • The cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) family comprises Cidea, Cideb, and Fsp27 (Cidec).
  • These proteins are key regulators of diverse metabolic processes.
  • Their roles in metabolic disorders are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological functions of CIDE proteins.
  • To summarize their transcriptional regulation.
  • To elucidate their mechanisms in metabolic disorder development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on CIDE proteins.
  • Analysis of animal models with CIDE gene deficiencies.
  • Examination of CIDE protein localization and function in adipocytes and hepatocytes.

Main Results:

  • CIDE-deficient animals exhibit lean phenotypes, increased energy expenditure, and resistance to obesity and insulin resistance.
  • CIDE proteins localize to lipid droplets and endoplasmic reticulum, impacting lipid metabolism via AMPK stability, lipogenesis, and lipid droplet formation.
  • CIDE protein expression correlates with obesity, liver steatosis, and insulin resistance in rodents and humans.

Conclusions:

  • CIDE proteins are critical for energy homeostasis.
  • They are implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes, and liver steatosis.
  • CIDE proteins represent promising molecular targets for therapeutic interventions.