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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Olfaction

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Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

A Molecular Readout of Long-term Olfactory Adaptation in C. elegans
11:30

A Molecular Readout of Long-term Olfactory Adaptation in C. elegans

Published on: December 22, 2012

Peripheral adaptation codes for high odor concentration in glomeruli.

Jérôme Lecoq1, Pascale Tiret, Serge Charpak

  • 1Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale, U603, Paris, France.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|March 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral adaptation in the central nervous system (CNS) during odorant stimulation was investigated. Glomerular adaptation in the olfactory bulb reflects olfactory receptor neuron response decline to sustained odorants, coding high odor concentrations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory System Research
  • Sensory Receptor Physiology

Background:

  • Sensory adaptation is a known property of olfactory receptor neurons.
  • Peripheral adaptation mechanisms within the central nervous system (CNS) during odorant stimulation remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlates of peripheral adaptation at the first synapse of the olfactory pathway in olfactory bulb glomeruli.
  • To understand the conditions and mechanisms of adaptation in the CNS during odorant stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two-photon laser-scanning microscopy and targeted extracellular recording in anesthetized rats.
  • Simultaneously measured local field potential (LFP) and calcium influx at olfactory receptor neuron terminals.
  • Investigated the effect of receptor antagonists on adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Sustained high-concentration odorant stimulation evoked rapidly adapting postsynaptic responses in olfactory bulb glomeruli.
  • Postsynaptic adaptation correlated with decreased odorant-evoked calcium influx, suggesting reduced glutamate release.
  • Glomerular adaptation was concentration-dependent and did not alter the glomerular input-output curve.
  • Antagonists of ionotropic glutamate or metabotropic GABA(B) receptors did not affect adaptation, ruling out local presynaptic inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Glomerular adaptation reflects the declining response of olfactory receptor neurons to sustained odorant stimulation.
  • Peripheral fast adaptation in the olfactory system likely serves to code high odorant concentrations.