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Related Concept Videos

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily regulated...
Phosphate Buffer01:22

Phosphate Buffer

The phosphate buffer system is a critical biological mechanism for maintaining pH stability in the body. This system operates primarily through two components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which acts as a weak acid, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), which serves as a weak base.
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate does not fully dissociate in neutral or acidic solutions. When a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is introduced into the solution, sodium dihydrogen phosphate...
Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

Introduction to Electrolytes

In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
Role of Sodium
One...
The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

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Hyperphosphataemia in 2019: have we made progress?

Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension·2019
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A randomized controlled trial of different serum phosphate ranges in subjects on hemodialysis.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method
08:21

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

Published on: May 18, 2018

Oral phosphate binders.

Alastair J Hutchison1

  • 1Manchester Institute of Nephrology and Transplantation, The Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK. alastair.hutchison@cmft.nhs.uk

Kidney International
|March 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients is linked to higher cardiovascular mortality. Current phosphate binders have limitations, and long-term outcome data are lacking, necessitating further research into effective treatments.

More Related Videos

High-Throughput Measurement and Classification of Organic P in Environmental Samples
08:58

High-Throughput Measurement and Classification of Organic P in Environmental Samples

Published on: June 8, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method
08:21

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

Published on: May 18, 2018

High-Throughput Measurement and Classification of Organic P in Environmental Samples
08:58

High-Throughput Measurement and Classification of Organic P in Environmental Samples

Published on: June 8, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hyperphosphatemia is common in end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing dialysis.
  • It is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in this population.
  • Dietary phosphate restriction and dialysis are often insufficient to control serum phosphate levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effectiveness and safety of oral phosphate binders in dialysis patients.
  • To discuss the limitations of conventional phosphate binders.
  • To highlight the need for prospective, outcome-based trials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hyperphosphatemia management in dialysis patients.
  • Analysis of safety and efficacy data for various phosphate binders.
  • Discussion of current treatment guidelines and research gaps.

Main Results:

  • Conventional phosphate binders (calcium-based, sevelamer, lanthanum carbonate) have varying degrees of effectiveness, side effects, and limitations (e.g., pill burden, cost, vascular calcification concerns).
  • Aluminum-based binders are effective but toxic.
  • Long-term outcome data and prospective trials are limited.

Conclusions:

  • Current phosphate binders present challenges in managing hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients.
  • There is a critical need for well-designed, prospective, randomized controlled trials to evaluate the impact of phosphate binder therapy on patient outcomes.
  • Improving patient outcomes in dialysis, which are worse than many cancers, requires a focus on evidence-based treatment strategies.