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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4⁺ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Environmental control of Th17 differentiation.

Francisco J Quintana¹, Howard L Weiner

¹Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

European Journal of Immunology

|March 14, 2009

Summary

T helper 17 (Th17) cells fight infections but can cause disease if overactive. This viewpoint explores how microbes, diet, and toxins regulate Th17 cell responses to environmental changes.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Microbiology
Environmental Health

Background:

T helper 17 (Th17) cells are crucial for immunity against extracellular bacteria and fungi.
Aberrant Th17 cell activity is linked to various immunopathological conditions.
Maintaining a balance in Th17 cell function is essential for immune homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss regulatory mechanisms influencing Th17 cell generation and activity.
To explore how external factors impact Th17 cell responses.
To provide insights into the dynamic regulation of Th17 immunity.

Main Methods:

This is a viewpoint article, not based on primary experimental data.
Discussion is informed by existing scientific literature.

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Mouse Naïve CD4⁺ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

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Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

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Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Mouse Naïve CD4⁺ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

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Key concepts are synthesized to present a cohesive overview.

Main Results:

Microbes, dietary components, and environmental toxins significantly influence Th17 cell responses.
These factors can modulate both the induction and effector functions of Th17 cells.
Understanding these interactions is key to managing Th17-mediated immunity and pathology.

Conclusions:

Th17 cell responses must be tightly regulated to prevent immunopathology while maintaining protective immunity.
Environmental cues play a critical role in shaping Th17 cell function.
Further research into these regulatory pathways can inform therapeutic strategies.