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Measuring physical activity environments: a brief history.

James F Sallis¹

¹Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA. sallis@mail.sdsu.edu

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

|March 17, 2009

Summary

This paper reviews how health, planning, and leisure studies have measured physical activity environments. Understanding these environments is key to promoting physical activity through policy and urban design.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Urban Planning
Leisure Studies

Background:

Physical activity environments, such as parks and streets, are increasingly studied.
Attributes of the built environment can be modified by policy to promote physical activity.

Observation:

Health researchers focused on recreational physical activity, using direct observation in settings like schools and workplaces.
Urban planners assessed community design for walkability using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), focusing on density, land use, and pedestrian design.
Leisure studies examined leisure time use and park aesthetics, with fewer measures of physical characteristics.

Findings:

Each field contributed unique methods to assess physical activity environments.
Health and planning fields developed measures with varying reliability and validity.
Inter-disciplinary approaches are crucial for comprehensive measurement.

Implications:

Policy-driven changes to the built environment can enhance physical activity.
Integrating insights from diverse fields can improve the measurement and promotion of physical activity.
Future research should focus on robust validation of measures across disciplines.