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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice
04:18

Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice

Published on: October 10, 2025

Infection and stillbirth.

Elizabeth M McClure1, Robert L Goldenberg

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, UNC Global School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Mcclure@rti.org

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|March 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infections are a significant cause of stillbirth globally, particularly in developing nations. Reducing maternal infections could substantially lower stillbirth rates where they are most prevalent.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Stillbirth can result from direct infection, placental damage, or severe maternal illness.
  • Infections contribute to 10-25% of stillbirths in developed countries and a much higher percentage in developing countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and causative organisms of infection-related stillbirth.
  • To highlight the differential impact of infectious stillbirth in developed versus developing countries.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on stillbirth and infectious etiologies.
  • Analysis of the prevalence and common causes of stillbirth attributed to infection across different global regions.

Main Results:

  • Common infectious causes in developed countries include ascending bacterial infections (e.g., Escherichia coli, group B streptococci, Ureaplasma urealyticum).
  • Syphilis and malaria are significant causes in endemic areas. Key viral agents include parvovirus and Coxsackie virus.
  • Other implicated pathogens include Toxoplasma gondii, Listeria monocytogenes, and agents causing leptospirosis, Q fever, and Lyme disease.

Conclusions:

  • Reducing maternal infections offers a substantial opportunity to decrease stillbirth rates in developing countries.
  • Further reduction of infection-related stillbirth in developed countries is challenging due to the diverse range of causative organisms and lower overall incidence.