Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 24, 2026
Pioneering Patient-Specific Approaches for Precision Surgery Using Imaging and Virtual Reality
Published on: April 5, 2024
Face and construct validity of virtual reality simulation of laparoscopic gynecologic surgery
Henk W R Schreuder1, Koen W van Dongen, Susan J Roeleveld
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. h.w.r.schreuder@umcutrecht.nl
Objective:
The objective of the study was to validate virtual reality simulation in assessing laparoscopic skills in gynecology by establishing the extent of realism of the simulation to the actual task (face validity) and the degree to which the results of the test one uses reflects the subject tested (construct validity).
Study Design:
Subjects (n = 56) were divided into 3 groups: novices (n = 15), intermediates (n = 20), and experts (n = 21). Participants completed 3 repetitions of a training program consisting of 4 basic skills and 3 gynecologic procedural simulations. The performance was compared between groups using a post hoc Student t test with the Bonferroni technique. Face validity was determined by using a questionnaire of 27 statements.
Results:
Resulting from the questionnaire, the opinion about the realism and training capacities of the tasks was favorable among all groups. The degree of prior laparoscopic experience was reflected in the outcome performance parameters of the tasks. Experts achieved significant better scores on specific parameters.
Conclusion:
The results of this study indicate acceptance and thus face validity of the system among both reference (novice, intermediate) and expert group. There is a significant difference between subjects with different laparoscopic experience and thereby construct validity for the laparoscopic simulator could be established.
