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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications

Published on: February 7, 2021

Ocular injectable formulation assessment for oxidized dextran-based hydrogels.

João Maia¹, Maximiano P Ribeiro, Carla Ventura

¹Departamento de Engenharia Química da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal.

Acta Biomaterialia

|March 17, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Injectable hydrogels made from oxidized dextran and adipic acid dihydrazide offer a safe, initiator-free option for drug and cell delivery. These tunable hydrogels show promise for treating posterior eye diseases with good cell viability.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Ophthalmology
Drug Delivery

Background:

Initiator-free injectable hydrogels are desirable for minimally invasive drug and cell delivery.
Oxidized dextran crosslinked with adipic acid dihydrazide offers a potential biomaterial for such applications.
The specific application focus is on treating posterior eye diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize and tune oxidized dextran-adipic acid dihydrazide hydrogels for injectable formulations.
To evaluate the impact of oxidation degree and component concentration on gelation and dissolution.
To assess the in vitro cytotoxicity and cell interaction of these hydrogels for ocular applications.

Main Methods:

Preparation of oxidized dextran crosslinked with adipic acid dihydrazide hydrogels.
Tuning of hydrogel properties by adjusting dextran oxidation and component concentrations.
In vitro assessment of hydrogel gelation rate and dissolution profiles.
In vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation studies using rabbit corneal endothelial cells (CECs).
MTS assays for cell viability verification.

Main Results:

Gelation rate and dissolution profiles are tunable by controlling dextran oxidation and component concentrations.
Hydrogels with low oxidized dextrans promoted rapid CEC adhesion, proliferation, and confluence within 24 hours.
Highly oxidized hydrogels supported CEC adhesion and proliferation but did not achieve confluence.
MTS assays confirmed the non-cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and their degradation products.

Conclusions:

Oxidized dextran-adipic acid dihydrazide hydrogels are injectable, initiator-free, and tunable biomaterials.
Formulations with optimized oxidation levels support corneal endothelial cell growth, indicating potential for ocular therapies.
The non-cytotoxic nature of these hydrogels and their byproducts makes them suitable for further in vivo investigation in posterior eye disease treatment.