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Related Concept Videos

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Transient neurologic dysfunction in migraine.

Rod Foroozan1, F Michael Cutrer

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Cullen Eye Institute, 6565 Fannin NC-205, Houston, TX 77030, USA. foroozan@bcm.tmc.edu

Neurologic Clinics
|March 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Migraine aura, including visual and sensory disturbances, affects about 25% of patients. Some motor symptoms are now classified under hemiplegic migraine, a distinct subtype.

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3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neurologic symptoms, known as aura, are a significant part of the migraine experience for many.
  • Aura includes transient visual, sensory, language, and motor disturbances, thought to originate from cortical activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the classification and understanding of migraine aura.
  • To differentiate aura symptoms from those in specific migraine subtypes like hemiplegic migraine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on migraine aura and subtypes.
  • Analysis of symptom classification and diagnostic criteria for migraine.

Main Results:

  • Migraine aura affects approximately 25% of migraine sufferers.
  • Motor symptoms previously considered aura are now classified within hemiplegic migraine.
  • Aura is linked to complex genetic and potentially epigenetic factors.

Conclusions:

  • Migraine aura encompasses a range of transient neurologic symptoms.
  • Hemiplegic migraine represents a distinct subtype with specific motor manifestations.
  • Genetic and epigenetic factors likely influence the predisposition to migraine aura.