Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Electroencephalography: a primer.

Pediatrics in review·2012

Same author

Are pediatric grand rounds dead?

The Journal of pediatrics·2012

Same author

Almotriptan for the acute treatment of adolescent migraine.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2010

Same author

Headaches in children and adolescents.

Pediatric annals·2010

Same author

Headache evaluation in children and adolescents: when to worry? When to scan?

Pediatric annals·2010

Same author

Secondary headaches in children and adolescents.

Seminars in pediatric neurology·2010

Same journal

Sports Neurology.

Neurologic clinics·2026

Same journal

Sports-Related Peripheral Nerve Injuries.

Neurologic clinics·2026

Same journal

Active Rehabilitation and Return to Play in Sports-Related Concussion.

Neurologic clinics·2026

Same journal

Autonomic Assessment and Management in Sports-Related Concussion.

Neurologic clinics·2026

Same journal

Management of Vestibular Symptoms in Sports-Related Concussion.

Neurologic clinics·2026

Same journal

Neuropsychological Assessment in Sport-Related Concussion: Evidence, Controversies, and Clinical Applications.

Neurologic clinics·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Pediatric migraine.

Donald W Lewis¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 601 Children's Lane, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA. dlewis@chkd.org

Neurologic Clinics

|March 18, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric migraine, encompassing various forms like migraine without aura and complex aura types, requires tailored treatment. Current approaches integrate biobehavioral strategies with pharmacologic interventions, increasingly supported by pediatric-specific research.

More Related Videos

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

Pediatric Neurology
Headache Medicine

Background:

Migraine headaches are prevalent in children and adolescents, presenting diverse clinical manifestations.
Migraine without aura is the most common form in children, characterized by specific headache patterns and duration.
Migraine with aura encompasses several subtypes, including hemiplegic and basilar-type migraines, which can present diagnostic challenges in early childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the spectrum of migraine presentations in pediatric populations.
To discuss the diagnostic considerations for various migraine types in children.
To outline current treatment philosophies for pediatric migraine.

Main Methods:

Literature review of pediatric migraine epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment strategies.
Analysis of diagnostic challenges associated with different migraine subtypes in children.
Synthesis of current therapeutic approaches, including biobehavioral and pharmacologic interventions.

Main Results:

Migraine without aura is the most frequent pattern in children.
Migraine with aura subtypes and periodic syndromes present unique diagnostic dilemmas in young children.
A balanced treatment approach combining biobehavioral interventions with acute and preventative pharmacologic measures is recommended.

Conclusions:

Pediatric migraine encompasses a wide range of clinical forms, from common migraine without aura to complex aura syndromes and periodic syndromes.
Effective management of pediatric migraine requires a comprehensive understanding of its varied presentations and tailored therapeutic strategies.
Emerging pediatric-specific research is refining treatment protocols, reducing reliance on adult data for managing childhood migraines.