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Identification using DNA from skin contact: case reports.

Tomoharu Tokutomi1, Yuzo Takada, Jun Kanetake

  • 1Department of Forensic Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan. dr20002@ndmc.ac.jp

Legal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
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Summary

Forensic investigators can identify trace DNA from fabrics using short tandem repeat (STR) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typing. Strategic sample collection from frequently touched areas improves DNA analysis success rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • DNA analysis is crucial in forensic investigations.
  • Trace DNA, transferred via skin contact, presents unique challenges due to minute quantities.
  • Short tandem repeat (STR) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are key genetic markers used in forensic identification.

Observation:

  • Three case studies demonstrate the successful identification of trace DNA from fabric materials.
  • DNA extraction methods included swabbing and direct extraction.
  • Both STR genotyping and mtDNA typing were employed for analysis.

Findings:

  • PCR amplification failure in two cases suggests the presence of low-level DNA and potential multiple contributors.
  • Successful DNA typing was achieved, highlighting the viability of trace DNA analysis.
  • The location of DNA extraction significantly impacts the success of amplification and typing.

Implications:

  • Forensic investigators must consider the history of item handling (victim/offender contact) when selecting DNA extraction sites.
  • Targeted sampling from high-contact areas enhances the likelihood of obtaining sufficient DNA for profiling.
  • Understanding DNA transfer and persistence is vital for optimizing trace DNA evidence recovery and interpretation.