ABCC11 Earwax Trait and Genotype Are Suitable Tools for Introductory Labs to Learn Genetics and Molecular Techniques

Professional experiments in genetic research usually start in a class at university. However, interest in genetic research techniques from an early age is essential. We have continuously performed a short genetic experimental course for high school students using a simple molecular experiment and computer-based learning for Mendelian inheritance. We utilized the phenotype-genotype association of ABCC11 polymorphism (rs17822931), in which the A allele at rs17822931 of ABCC11 is the recessive genotype for the dry earwax phenotype. Conversely, the G allele is the dominant genotype for the wet earwax phenotype. The phenotype is primarily determined by a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs17822931, with the A or G allele, which has global prevalence with few exceptions. The A or G allele is easily typed using the DdeI restriction enzyme. The students experienced molecular techniques and created computer-equipped pedigree charts using the software "f-tree." The earwax trait is an excellent tool for genetic education to understand Mendelian inheritance, genotype-phenotype association, PCR cloning, and restriction enzyme digestion, and it is suitable for discussing the historical and geographical migration of the ancient Mongolian people. After the short course, a survey showed that 81% of students were satisfied, including 71% of very satisfied students.