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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

Spatial negative priming in bilingualism.

Barbara Treccani1, Efrosyni Argyri, Antonella Sorace

  • 1University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland. barbara.treccani@unipd.it

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|March 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bilinguals

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Bilingual individuals often exhibit enhanced inhibitory control.
  • The impact of bilingualism on cognitive functions, particularly inhibitory control, is complex.
  • Previous research suggests bilingualism may confer advantages in managing distractions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether bilinguals' enhanced inhibitory control is advantageous or disadvantageous in specific cognitive tasks.
  • To examine the effects of bilingualism on inhibitory control in negative priming conditions.
  • To explore nonlinguistic cognitive consequences of bilingualism.

Main Methods:

  • A target-stimulus locating task was administered to 29 early bilingual adults and 29 age-matched monolinguals.
  • Performance was assessed by measuring error rates in trials with and without distractors.
  • The study analyzed the magnitude of the distractor effect and negative priming effect.

Main Results:

  • Bilinguals showed a smaller distractor effect, indicating greater inhibition of irrelevant spatial information.
  • Bilinguals exhibited a larger negative priming effect, where previously irrelevant information became relevant.
  • These findings suggest bilingualism influences inhibitory control efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Bilingualism's effect on inhibitory control is context-dependent, not universally advantageous.
  • Enhanced inhibition in bilinguals can lead to disadvantages in specific scenarios, like negative priming.
  • Bilingualism has specific nonlinguistic cognitive effects on inhibitory control functions.