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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Ureters01:22

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...

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Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
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Published on: November 22, 2019

Ureteral small cell carcinoma.

Naoto Kuroda1, Kazunobu Katto, Masato Tamura

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi Red Cross Hospital, 2-13-51 Shin-honmachi, Kochi, 780-8562, Japan. kurochankochi@yahoo.co.jp

Medical Molecular Morphology
|March 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study reports the ninth case of rare ureteral small cell carcinoma in a 79-year-old man. Researchers suggest that ureteral urothelial endocrine cells may be the precursors to this rare cancer.

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Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models for Human Urothelial Cell Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer Tumor Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis
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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Ureteral small cell carcinoma is an exceedingly rare malignancy.
  • Only eight cases have been documented in medical literature prior to this report.

Observation:

  • A 79-year-old male presented with asymptomatic macrohematuria.
  • A 3.7 cm broad-based tumor was identified in the lower left ureter.
  • Microscopic examination revealed a mixed tumor of urothelial and small cell carcinoma.

Findings:

  • Immunohistochemistry showed focal positivity for chromogranin A in small cell carcinoma cells.
  • Adjacent normal ureteral mucosa contained endocrine cells positive for chromogranin A and synaptophysin.
  • The findings suggest a potential link between ureteral endocrine cells and small cell carcinoma development.

Implications:

  • This case adds to the limited understanding of ureteral small cell carcinoma.
  • The study proposes a novel hypothesis regarding the cellular origin of ureteral small cell carcinoma.
  • Further research into ureteral endocrine cells may elucidate mechanisms of urothelial carcinogenesis.