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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: April 26, 2024

Does major depressive disorder change with age?

W Coryell¹, D Solomon, A Leon

¹Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, 52242, USA. william-coryell@uiowa.edu

Psychological Medicine

|March 20, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Major depressive disorder symptom persistence remains stable across decades of adulthood. However, an earlier age of onset is linked to longer symptom duration over 20 years.

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Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Longitudinal Studies
Mental Health Research

Background:

Investigating the long-term course of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is crucial for understanding its impact.
Previous research has not fully elucidated how aging and age at onset influence symptom persistence in MDD over extended periods.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the influence of aging and age at onset on the long-term persistence of depressive symptoms in Major Depressive Disorder.
To analyze symptom morbidity over two decades in relation to age groups and age of onset.

Main Methods:

A 20-year high-intensity follow-up study assessed 220 individuals with MDD or schizo-affective disorder.
Participants were categorized into age groups (18-29, 30-44, >45 years) at intake.
Depressive morbidity was measured as the proportion of weeks with depressive episodes; general linear models and regression analyses were employed.

Main Results:

No significant effects of time or age group interactions on the proportion of weeks with major depressive episodes were found.
An earlier age of onset was significantly associated with greater symptom persistence, especially in the youngest age group.
Symptom duration showed intra-individual stability over time, most pronounced in the oldest age group.

Conclusions:

The persistence of depressive symptoms in MDD does not significantly change across adult decades (30s-80s).
An early age of onset, not younger age itself, is a key predictor of increased long-term depressive morbidity.
Findings highlight the importance of early intervention and management strategies for MDD.