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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...

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An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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[Papillary adenocarcinoma on ectopic thyroid tissue].

N Dib1, A Benhammou, M Meziane

  • 1Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervicofaciale, hôpital des spécialités, CHU de Rabat-Salé, Rabat, Maroc. F.NYA@hotmail.com

Annales D'Oto-Laryngologie Et De Chirurgie Cervico Faciale : Bulletin De La Societe D'Oto-Laryngologie Des Hopitaux De Paris
|March 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a rare instance of papillary adenocarcinoma arising from ectopic thyroid tissue in the hyoid bone region. Surgical resection and thyroidectomy were performed for this unusual cervical mass.

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An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

  • Ectopic thyroid tissue can occur in various locations, including the neck.
  • Papillary adenocarcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer.

Observation:

  • A 57-year-old presented with an 8 cm firm cervical mass fixed to the hyoid bone.
  • Imaging revealed an osteolytic process centered on the hyoid bone with a soft tissue mass and calcifications.
  • The normal thyroid gland was pretracheal, and the endo-larynx was intact.

Findings:

  • Pathological examination confirmed papillary adenocarcinoma arising from ectopic thyroid tissue within the hyoid bone region.
  • The patient underwent successful surgical resection of the mass.
  • Total thyroidectomy was performed, with subsequent normal histological results of the native thyroid gland.

Implications:

  • Papillary adenocarcinoma on ectopic thyroid tissue is exceptionally rare.
  • Histological diagnosis is crucial for identifying this condition.
  • Primary treatment involves surgical excision, potentially supplemented by radioiodine I-131 therapy.