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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Hypertension IV: Drug Therapy and Lifestyle Modifications01:28

Hypertension IV: Drug Therapy and Lifestyle Modifications

Multiple classes of antihypertensive medications are employed in treating hypertension. The most commonly recommended first-line treatments include:Thiazide Diuretics, such as chlorthalidone, increase sodium and water excretion from the body, reducing blood volume and blood pressure.Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, like lisinopril, block the conversion of angiotensin I to II, a potent vasoconstrictor lowering blood pressure.Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) prevent angiotensin II...
Hypertension V: Nursing Management01:23

Hypertension V: Nursing Management

The nursing management of hypertension involves accurately assessing symptoms, making a comprehensive nursing diagnosis, collaborating with patients to set goals, and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate the condition's impact and improve patient well-being.Comprehensive AssessmentThe initial step in nursing care for hypertension involves a thorough patient assessment. It includes evaluating symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, and previous hypertension episodes.
Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion
08:35

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

Published on: May 26, 2022

[Resistant hypertension: evaluation and treatment].

Xavier Girerd1, David Rosenbaum, Frédéric Villeneuve

  • 1Pôle d'endocrinologie, Unité de prévention cardiovasculaire, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, F-75013 Paris, France. xavier.girerd@psl.aphp.fr

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|March 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Treatment resistant hypertension, uncontrolled by standard medications, requires careful diagnosis to exclude pseudoresistance. Effective management involves addressing underlying causes and optimizing multidrug regimens, with spironolactone showing significant benefits.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion
08:35

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

Published on: May 26, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology

Context:

  • Resistant hypertension is defined as blood pressure failing to reach goal (< 140/90 mm Hg) despite optimal treatment.
  • Accurate diagnosis requires excluding pseudoresistance, such as medication non-adherence or white coat hypertension.
  • Patient evaluation focuses on identifying secondary causes like metabolic, vascular, endocrine, or familial factors.

Purpose:

  • To outline the diagnostic criteria and evaluation strategies for treatment resistant hypertension.
  • To detail the management principles including factor removal, secondary cause treatment, and multidrug regimens.

Summary:

  • A three-drug regimen (ARB/ACEI, CCB, thiazide diuretic) effectively controls hypertension in 75% of patients.
  • Adding low-dose spironolactone to this triple therapy significantly reduces blood pressure in most resistant hypertension cases.
  • Identifying and managing contributing factors and secondary causes is crucial for effective treatment.

Impact:

  • Provides a framework for diagnosing and managing complex hypertension cases.
  • Highlights the efficacy of specific multidrug combinations and spironolactone in resistant hypertension.
  • Aims to improve blood pressure control and reduce cardiovascular risk in affected patients.