Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rapid Onset of Iron Overload Cardiomyopathy in Cirrhosis.

JACC. Case reports·2026
Same author

Multimorbidity in Atrial Fibrillation: Impact on Outcomes.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Progression From Exercise-Induced to Resting Left Atrial Hypertension in HFpEF: Impact of Reduced Atriopulmonary Compliance.

JACC. Heart failure·2026
Same author

Burden of Potentially Undiagnosed Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in Atrial Fibrillation and Effects of Catheter Ablation: Insights From CABANA.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Rapidly Progressive Pulmonary Hypertension: Importance of Vascular Disease Distribution.

Circulation·2026
Same author

Rationale and Design of the HeartShare/AMP-HF Deep Phenotyping Study to Improve Understanding of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

JACC. Heart failure·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

Death in heart failure: a community perspective.

Danielle M Henkel1, Margaret M Redfield, Susan A Weston

  • 1Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Circulation. Heart Failure
|March 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Heart failure (HF) patients have high mortality, with many deaths being non-cardiovascular. Preserved ejection fraction (EF) in HF patients is linked to fewer cardiovascular deaths compared to reduced EF.

Keywords:
HFejection fractionepidemiologymortality

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) mortality remains high, with undefined causes of death.
  • HF is a heterogeneous syndrome categorized by ejection fraction (EF), making EF-specific mortality causes crucial to understand.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between ejection fraction (EF) categories and causes of death in community-based heart failure (HF) patients.
  • To analyze trends in cardiovascular versus non-cardiovascular deaths over time in HF patients with preserved and reduced EF.

Main Methods:

  • Community-based HF subjects were classified into preserved (>=50%) and reduced (<50%) EF groups.
  • Deaths were categorized as coronary heart disease (CHD), other cardiovascular, or non-cardiovascular.
  • Survival and causes of death were analyzed over 5 years, with temporal trends examined across different EF groups.

Main Results:

  • Among 1063 HF patients, 45% had preserved EF, exhibiting fewer cardiovascular risk factors and less coronary disease than reduced EF patients.
  • At 5 years, 43% of deaths were non-cardiovascular. Non-cardiovascular causes predominated in preserved EF (49%) versus CHD in reduced EF (43%).
  • Cardiovascular deaths decreased significantly over time in preserved EF (69% to 40%), but showed a modest change in reduced EF (77% to 64%). Advanced age, male sex, diabetes, smoking, and kidney disease increased mortality risk. Preserved EF correlated with lower cardiovascular death risk but not all-cause death risk.

Conclusions:

  • Community-based HF patients face persistent high mortality, with a substantial proportion of deaths being non-cardiovascular.
  • Patients with preserved EF experience less cardiovascular disease and are less likely to die from cardiovascular causes compared to those with reduced EF.
  • The proportion of cardiovascular deaths has declined over time, particularly in the preserved EF group.