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Recent advances in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

J L Rapoport1

  • 1National Institute of Mental Health, Child Psychiatry Branch, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
|August 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to basal ganglia dysfunction and serotonin system issues. This suggests specific neurologic dysfunction may underlie OCD symptoms like excessive grooming and checking.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Ethology

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric syndrome with growing evidence linking it to specific neurologic dysfunction.
  • Clinical phenomenology, brain imaging, and neuropharmacologic studies implicate basal ganglia dysfunction and the serotonin system in OCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a neurobiologic model for OCD symptoms.
  • To explore the relationship between OCD and excessive grooming behaviors in animals and humans.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical phenomenology, associated disorders, brain imaging, and neuropharmacologic studies.
  • Examination of preliminary clinical trial data on abnormal behaviors.

Main Results:

  • OCD is strongly suggested to involve specific neurologic dysfunction, particularly within basal ganglia-thalamic frontal cortical loops.
  • A compelling animal model for OCD has been identified.
  • Preliminary data suggest a link between OCD and excessive grooming behaviors across species.

Conclusions:

  • Dysfunction in basal ganglia-thalamic frontal cortical loops may cause core OCD symptoms such as excessive grooming, checking, and doubt.
  • An ethologic perspective may offer new insights into OCD and related behaviors.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the connection between OCD and excessive grooming behaviors.

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